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商品	説明	価格
The Mythologies of Ancient Mexico and Peru Unveiling the Mystical Worldviews of Mesoamerican and Andean Cultures【電子書籍】[ Lewis Spence ] 楽天Kobo電子書籍ストア	＜p＞In "The Mythologies of Ancient Mexico and Peru," Lewis Spence delves into the rich tapestry of Mesoamerican and Andean myths, unraveling the intricate narratives that shaped ancient cultures. Spence employs a scholarly yet accessible prose style, enhancing the book's appeal to both academic audiences and general readers. Through meticulous analysis, he explores the creation myths, deities, and rituals of these civilizations, placing them within their historical contexts and shedding light on their socio-political structures. The work is enriched by Spence's adept synthesis of archaeological findings and anthropological research, making it a significant contribution to the study of mythology. Lewis Spence was a distinguished Scottish folklorist and writer with a profound interest in world mythologies. His extensive background in anthropology and history informs this comprehensive examination of the myths of the Aztecs, Incas, and other indigenous peoples. Spence'??s dedication to understanding the cultural legacies of ancient civilizations is evident throughout the text, as he seeks to preserve these narratives for future generations. His broad scholarly pursuits reveal a desire to bridge gaps between modern and ancient understandings of culture and belief. This book is highly recommended for anyone interested in mythology, anthropology, or the historical narratives of indigenous peoples in the Americas. Spence'??s insightful observations and the depth of his research provide readers with a captivating exploration of the symbolic worlds constructed by the civilizations of ancient Mexico and Peru. Both informative and engaging, it serves as an essential resource for scholars and enthusiasts alike.＜/p＞画面が切り替わりますので、しばらくお待ち下さい。 ※ご購入は、楽天kobo商品ページからお願いします。※切り替わらない場合は、こちらをクリックして下さい。 ※このページからは注文できません。	310円
The Indigenous Peoples of Mesoamerica and Central America Their Societies, Cultures, and Histories【電子書籍】[ Robert M. Carmack ] 楽天Kobo電子書籍ストア	＜p＞In The Indigenous Peoples of Mesoamerica and Central America, Robert Carmack focuses on K’iche’ natives of Guatemala, Masayan peoples of Nicaragua, and the native peoples of Buenos Aires and Costa Rica. Starting with Christopher Columbus’ proclaimed “discovery” of Central America, Carmack illustrates the Central American native peoples’ dramatic struggles for survival, native languages, and unique communities and states. Carmack draws on the fieldwork that he has conducted over the past fifty years to highlight the diversity of the Central American peoples, cultures, and histories, and to explain their significance relative to other native peoples of the world. This book is recommended for scholars of anthropology, Latin American studies, history, and sociology＜/p＞画面が切り替わりますので、しばらくお待ち下さい。 ※ご購入は、楽天kobo商品ページからお願いします。※切り替わらない場合は、こちらをクリックして下さい。 ※このページからは注文できません。	5,176円
The Legacy of Mesoamerica History and Culture of a Native American Civilization【電子書籍】楽天Kobo電子書籍ストア	＜p＞＜em＞The Legacy of Mesoamerica: History and Culture of a Native American Civilization＜/em＞ summarizes and integrates information on the origins, historical development, and current situations of the indigenous peoples of Mesoamerica. It describes their contributions from the development of Mesoamerican Civilization through 20th century and their influence in the world community. For courses on Mesoamerica (Middle America) taught in departments of anthropology, history, and Latin American Studies.＜/p＞画面が切り替わりますので、しばらくお待ち下さい。 ※ご購入は、楽天kobo商品ページからお願いします。※切り替わらない場合は、こちらをクリックして下さい。 ※このページからは注文できません。	24,874円
The Totally Gross History of Ancient Mesoamerica【電子書籍】[ Abbie Mercer ] 楽天Kobo電子書籍ストア	＜p＞Bloody sacrifices, disgusting diets, and shocking religious rituals are some of the gruesome aspects of the totally gross history of Mesoamerica. Concise and entertaining, this text covers some of the more nauseating facts about pre-Columbian Mesoamerica (the region spanning Central America). The gruesome details about the Mesoamerican diet, religion, and medicine will shock readers. But beyond the ickiness, this fascinating title also introduces its audience to the significant contributions of this important culture, as well as the tools that historians and archaeologists use to study ancient life.＜/p＞画面が切り替わりますので、しばらくお待ち下さい。 ※ご購入は、楽天kobo商品ページからお願いします。※切り替わらない場合は、こちらをクリックして下さい。 ※このページからは注文できません。	4,212円
Iconicity of the Uto-Aztecans Snake Anthropomorphy in the Great Basin, the American Southwest and Mesoamerica【電子書籍】[ Alan Philip Garfinkel ] 楽天Kobo電子書籍ストア	＜p＞Uto-Aztecan iconic practices are primarily conditioned by the consciousness of the snake as a death-dealing power, and as such, an animal that displays the deepest fears and anxieties of the individual. The attempt to study a snake simulacrum thus constitutes the basic objective of this volume. A long, all-embracing iconicity of snakes and related snake motifs are evident in different cultural expressions ranging from rock art templates to other cultural artifacts like basketry, pottery, temple architecture and sculptural motifs. Uto-Aztecan iconography demonstrates a symbolic memorial order of emotional valences, as well as the negotiations with death and a belief in rebirth, just as the skin-shedding snake reptile manifests in its life cycle.＜/p＞画面が切り替わりますので、しばらくお待ち下さい。 ※ご購入は、楽天kobo商品ページからお願いします。※切り替わらない場合は、こちらをクリックして下さい。 ※このページからは注文できません。	4,927円
Mesoamerica’s Greatest Civilizations The History and Culture of the Maya and Aztec【電子書籍】楽天Kobo電子書籍ストア	＜p＞Many ancient civilizations have influenced and inspired people in the 21st century. The Greeks and Romans continue to fascinate the West today. But of all the world’s civilizations, none have intrigued people more than the Mayans, whose culture, astronomy, language, and mysterious disappearance all continue to captivate people.＜/p＞＜p＞In 2012 especially, there has been a renewed focus on the Mayans, whose advanced calendar has led many to speculate the world will end on the same date the Mayan calendar ends. The focus on the “doomsday” scenario, however, has overshadowed the Mayans’ true contribution to astronomy, language, sports, and art.＜/p＞＜p＞＜em＞Mesoamerica’s Greatest Civilizations＜/em＞ discusses the Mayan calendar within the larger context of their astronomical advances, while also providing a comprehensive analysis of their history, empire, and culture. Along with a description of Mayan life and pictures of Mayan ruins and art, the mystique of the Maya is traced from the height of their empire to the present day, in an attempt to understand a civilization often been best described as an enigma.＜/p＞＜p＞From the moment Spanish conquistador Hernan Cortes first found and confronted them, the Aztecs have fascinated the world, and they continue to hold a unique place both culturally and in pop culture. Nearly 500 years after the Spanish conquered their mighty empire, the Aztecs are often remembered today for their major capital, Tenochtitlan, as well as being fierce conquerors of the Valley of Mexico who often engaged in human sacrifice rituals.＜/p＞＜p＞Ironically, and unlike the Mayans, the Aztecs are not widely viewed or remembered with nuance, in part because their own leader burned extant Aztec writings and rewrote a mythologized history explaining his empire’s dominance less than a century before the Spanish arrived. Naturally, Cortes and other Spaniards depicted the Aztecs as savages greatly in need of conversion to Catholicism. While the Mayans are remembered for their astronomy, numeral system, and calendar, the Aztecs have primarily been remembered in a far narrower way, despite continuing to be a source of pride to Mexicans through the centuries.＜/p＞＜p＞As a result, even though the Aztecs continue to interest people across the world centuries after their demise, it has fallen on archaeologists and historians to try to determine the actual history, culture, and lives of the Aztecs from the beginning to the end, relying on excavations, primary accounts, and more.＜/p＞画面が切り替わりますので、しばらくお待ち下さい。 ※ご購入は、楽天kobo商品ページからお願いします。※切り替わらない場合は、こちらをクリックして下さい。 ※このページからは注文できません。	586円
Mixtec Codices, Painted Histories of Mesoamerica Mesoamerican History, Myth and Origins, #4【電子書籍】[ HISTORY AMERICAS ] 楽天Kobo電子書籍ストア	＜p＞Step into the painted legacy of Oaxaca, where the Mixtec codicesーfragile screenfolds of deerskin illuminated with vivid pigmentsーpreserve one of the most extraordinary intellectual and artistic traditions of Mesoamerica. Far more than picture books, these manuscripts embody history, myth, genealogy, and political authority. Within their unfolding pages, lords trace descent from gods, dynasties rise and fall, and sacred landscapes of hills, rivers, and temples come alive as actors in human destiny.＜/p＞＜p＞This book explores the world of the Mixtecs through their painted histories, situating the surviving codicesーsuch as the Zouche-Nuttall, Bodley, Vindobonensis, and Seldenーwithin the broader fabric of Mesoamerican civilization. It reveals how these manuscripts served as charters of power, genealogical archives, ceremonial scripts, and works of astonishing artistry. From the dramatic biography of Eight Deer Jaguar Claw to the intricate webs of dynastic marriages, the codices preserve a vision of a society where the human and divine were inseparable, where political legitimacy was written in sacred bloodlines, and where memory itself was painted onto deerskin.＜/p＞＜p＞At once historical and mythological, artistic and intellectual, sacred and political, the Mixtec codices stand as rare survivors of a vast world nearly erased by conquest and fire. This book not only tells their story of creation and survival but also reclaims them as living documentsーbridges across centuries that continue to speak for the people of ?uu Dzahui, the "People of the Rain God." For readers fascinated by ancient civilizations, indigenous art, and the resilience of cultural memory, this work opens a window into one of humanity's most remarkable painted legacies.＜/p＞画面が切り替わりますので、しばらくお待ち下さい。 ※ご購入は、楽天kobo商品ページからお願いします。※切り替わらない場合は、こちらをクリックして下さい。 ※このページからは注文できません。	1,500円
Lost Pyramids of Mesoamerica【電子書籍】[ RHANDEL LOPEZ ] 楽天Kobo電子書籍ストア	＜p＞While most visitors to Mexico visit one of the great Mayan cities, it is worth visiting some of the lesser-known ruins like Mayapan and Balamku. Mayapan is an ancient Maya city in the northern Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico. The site has a long history, with its first occupation dating back to at least 900 BC and its last occupation dating to around 1450 AD. The word "Mayapan" means "Hill of the Jaguar." The name refers to the shape of one of three hills that formed it - this hill was called Pa Chan (Place of the Jaguar). It was here that a jaguar deity named Chac reigned. When Chac left his post as a god of rain, the rain ceased falling on earth for four years until he returned; during this time, people were forced to irrigate their crops by hand or die from thirst if they failed at growing corn without rainwater overflow from nearby lakes and rivers.＜br /＞ The city of Teotihuacan is one of the most important archaeological sites in Mexico. It was the center of a civilization at its peak around the 1st century B.C. and was abandoned around 650 AD, leaving behind an impressive collection of pyramids and other structures. As you explore this site, you will discover how these ancient people lived and what they left behind for us to admire today.＜br /＞ Tulum is a small town on the coast of the Yucat?n Peninsula, south of Canc?n. It may not be your first choice if you look for beaches and relaxation. But if you want to see some fantastic architectureーand walk in the footsteps of the Mayaーyou should definitely make plans to visit Tulum.＜br /＞ The Mayans built the city between 1200 and 1450 CE (Common Era) as a seaport for trading with other cultures in Mesoamerica. Its popularity rose with increased trade throughout Mexico during this period; however, it fell into disrepair after Spanish colonization began around 1519 CE when conquistador Hern?n Cort?s took control over what had been largely autonomous states up until then. The buildings are made from limestone quarried from nearby cliffs and from sandstone blocks that were likely carried from much further away by barge or canoe along rivers and lakes (since there were no roads).＜br /＞ The city of Uxmal is a magnificent example of the Puuc style, with its buildings built of fine stuccoed brickwork. As you explore the site, you can see how closely related it is to Chich?n Itz? and other major Maya sites in the region. The Pyramid of the Magician (also known as El Castillo) - is a fantastic pyramid building with 4 sides, each having 91 steps and each step 7 feet tall for a total height of 65 feet! House of Turtles (or Casa del Adivino) - this building has beautiful decorations both inside and out depicting turtles in different positions; some say that these turtles represent wisdom or knowledge.＜br /＞ Tikal is the largest Mayan ruin in Guatemala and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The city was the capital of the Maya kingdom of the same name and one of their most potent cities, dating back to at least 200 B.C., if not earlier. It was abandoned by the Maya around 900 A.D., but its temples still tower over the jungle floor todayーsome are even taller than they were when they were first built!＜br /＞ Palenque, Crown of the North, is one of the most critical sites in the Maya world. Palenque was once a thriving city and capital of one of Mexico's most powerful states. It boasts some of the most impressive ruins on this list. It was first discovered by a German explorer in 1719 while looking for a site to build his own city. The main pyramid at Palenque rises over 70 meters (230 ft) into the air, and its steps are steep enough to pause even hardened explorers when climbing them! There are also two smaller temples nearby and many smaller statues depicting jaguars ? these symbolize power for humans and gods alike.＜/p＞画面が切り替わりますので、しばらくお待ち下さい。 ※ご購入は、楽天kobo商品ページからお願いします。※切り替わらない場合は、こちらをクリックして下さい。 ※このページからは注文できません。	1,600円
The Mythology and Religion of Ancient Mesoamerica【電子書籍】楽天Kobo電子書籍ストア	＜p＞"They strike open the wretched Indian's chest with flint knives and hastily tear out the palpitating heart which, with the blood, they present to the idols…They cut off the arms, thighs and head, eating the arms and thighs at ceremonial banquets. The head they hang up on a beam, and the body is…given to the beasts of prey." ? Bernal Diaz, a Spaniard who described the Aztec’s human sacrifice＜/p＞＜p＞The Olmec people are widely recognized as the first major civilization of Mexico and are thus generally regarded as the mother civilization of Mesoamerica, making them the people from which all subsequent Mesoamerican cultures derived. In fact, the term Olmec is thought to have originated with the Aztec people, as Olmec in their Nahuatl language means “the rubber people”, a reference to the inhabitants of the land from which they accessed rubber. By and large, the Olmec culture is perhaps best identifiable by their so-called colossal heads, mammoth basalt head-statues wearing helmet-like headdresses found throughout Olmec habitation sites.＜/p＞＜p＞Around 2500 B.C., the Olmec settled primarily along Mexico's Gulf Coast in the tropical lowlands of south-central Mexico (in the modern-day States of Veracruz and Tabasco), and they flourished during North America's Prehistoric Indian Formative period from about 1700-400 B.C. Their direct cultural contributions were still evident as late as 300 A.D. Among Mesoamerican scholars, the Formative period is subdivided into the Preclassic (Olmec period), Classic (Maya period), and Postclassic (Toltec and Aztec periods).＜/p＞＜p＞＜em＞From a cultural standpoint, their pyramids, open plazas, their ballgame, and possibly even centers of human sacrifice are thought to have established the societal model that subsequent societies like the Maya, Zapotec, Teotihuacano, Toltec, Mixtec, and Aztec would emulate.＜/em＞ In the same vein, some scholars believe that they also affected the cultural development of the Native American groups of the United States and those of Central and South America as well. ＜em＞Proving to be one the most enduring models ever, the religious and cultural structure the Olmec established held reign for over 3,000 years, and it would likely have endured much longer without the arrival of the Spanish conquistadors.＜/em＞＜/p＞＜p＞In the years leading up to 2012, there has been much interest in the Maya calendar. Largely, this is because the calendar will complete its 5,200-year cycle on December 21, 2012, and this auspicious event has been misinterpreted as signaling the end of the world. For the Maya, the endings of calendar period of all lengths (cycles ranged from 20 days to centuries in length) were very important and required various types of rituals and offerings to be properly recognized. Often, the best acceptable “offering” was human blood, and Maya elites engaged in autosacrificial bloodletting to appease the deity presiding over the transition in question. Combined with the detailed Maya knowledge of astronomy, the calendar system functioned as a way for Maya priests and elites to know which particular god in their crowded pantheon was ruling at a particular moment. The Maya believed that each interval of time, embedded in units like the day, the night, the solar year, the k’atun (20 year cycle), the lunar cycle, and Venus’s cycle, was governed by a certain deity. Such knowledge was considered vital in Maya cosmology and allowed the elites to maintain and consolidate power, effect political change, and lend religious veracity to monumental building projects. The blending of technologies and religion extended to writing for the Maya, who used a writing system to codify and standardize religio-political beliefs.＜/p＞画面が切り替わりますので、しばらくお待ち下さい。 ※ご購入は、楽天kobo商品ページからお願いします。※切り替わらない場合は、こちらをクリックして下さい。 ※このページからは注文できません。	718円
Gardens of Prehistory The Archaeology of Settlement Agriculture in Greater Mesoamerica【電子書籍】楽天Kobo電子書籍ストア	＜p＞The prehistoric agricultural systems of the New World provided the foundations for a diverse set of complex social developments ranging from the puebloan societies of the American Southwest to the archaic state polities of Mesoamerica and the Andean region. From the tropical forests of Central America to the arid environments or northern New Mexico, Native American farmers made use of a distinctive set of cultigens and cropping systems that supportedーwith varying degrees of successーgrowing populations and expanding economies. Lacking most domesticated animals, so important to the mixed agricultural systems of the Old World, Precolumbian farmers developed intensive and resilient systems of agricultural production. These systems supported large societies of people who altered the landscapes they inhabited and generated a unique archaeological record of the evolution of farming in the New World.＜/p＞画面が切り替わりますので、しばらくお待ち下さい。 ※ご購入は、楽天kobo商品ページからお願いします。※切り替わらない場合は、こちらをクリックして下さい。 ※このページからは注文できません。	5,060円
Handbook of Middle American Indians, Volumes 2 and 3 Archaeology of Southern Mesoamerica【電子書籍】[ Robert Wauchope ] 楽天Kobo電子書籍ストア	＜p＞＜em＞Archaeology of Southern Mesoamerica＜/em＞ comprises the second and third volumes in the ＜em＞Handbook of Middle American Indians,＜/em＞ published in cooperation with the Middle American Research Institute of Tulane University under the general editorship of Robert Wauchope (1909?1979). The volume editor is Gordon R. Willey (1913?2002), Bowditch Professor of Mexican and Central American Archaeology and Ethnology at Harvard University.＜/p＞＜p＞Volumes Two and Three, with more than 700 illustrations, contain archaeological syntheses, followed by special articles on settlement patterns, architecture, funerary practices, ceramics, artifacts, sculpture, painting, figurines, jades, textiles, minor arts, calendars, hieroglyphic writing, and native societies at the time of the Spanish conquest of the Guatemala highlands, the southern Maya lowlands, the Pacific coast of Guatemala, Chiapas, the upper Grijalva basin, southern Veracruz, Tabasco, and Oaxaca.＜/p＞＜p＞＜em＞The Handbook of Middle American Indians＜/em＞ was assembled and edited at the Middle American Research Institute of Tulane University with the assistance of grants from the National Science Foundation and under the sponsorship of the National Research Council Committee on Latin American Anthropology.＜/p＞画面が切り替わりますので、しばらくお待ち下さい。 ※ご購入は、楽天kobo商品ページからお願いします。※切り替わらない場合は、こちらをクリックして下さい。 ※このページからは注文できません。	21,528円
Mesoamerica's Greatest Civilizations: The History and Culture of the Maya and Aztec【電子書籍】[ Charles River Editors ] 楽天Kobo電子書籍ストア	Includes over 25 pictures of both civilizations' art, ruins, architecture, and more. Describes everyday life for the Maya and Aztecs, from language to religion. Comprehensively covers the civilizations' most famous characteristics, including Mayan astronomy and the Aztecs' infamous human sacrifice rituals.Includes a Table of Contents When the Spanish arrived in the New World, men like Columbus, Cortes, and Pizarro came into contact with a vast array of different Native American settlements. Though the Spanish mercilessly conquered their way through the Americas and aimed to convert the peoples they considered savages, the unique culture, architecture and aspects of the indigenous tribes fascinated even the conquistadors, who brought the accounts back to Europe and fascinated millions across the Atlantic.500 years later, the world is more fascinated than ever by the American civilizations, particularly the Aztecs and Maya. Of all the worlds civilizations, none have intrigued people more than the Mayans, whose culture, astronomy, language, and mysterious disappearance all continue to captivate people. In 2012 especially, there has been a renewed focus on the Mayans, whose advanced calendar has led many to speculate the world will end on the same date the Mayan calendar ends. The focus on the doomsday scenario, however, has overshadowed the Mayans true contribution to astronomy, language, sports, and art. From the moment Spanish conquistador Hernan Cortes first found and confronted them, the Aztecs have fascinated the world, and they continue to hold a unique place both culturally and in pop culture. Nearly 500 years after the Spanish conquered their mighty empire, the Aztecs are often remembered today for their major capital, Tenochtitlan, as well as being fierce conquerors of the Valley of Mexico who often engaged in human sacrifice rituals. Ironically, and unlike the Mayans, the Aztecs are not widely viewed or remembered with nuance, in part because their own leader burned extant Aztec writings and rewrote a mythologized history explaining his empires dominance less than a century before the Spanish arrived. Naturally, Cortes and other Spaniards depicted the Aztecs as savages greatly in need of conversion to Catholicism. While the Mayans are remembered for their astronomy, numeral system, and calendar, the Aztecs have primarily been remembered in a far narrower way, despite continuing to be a source of pride to Mexicans through the centuries.Mesoamerica's Greatest Civilizations gives a comprehensive and entertaining overview of the cultures and empires of these two amazing civilizations, describing everyday life, architecture, their capital cities and more. Along with dozens of pictures of important people, places, events, art, and ruins, you will learn about the Maya and Aztec like you never have before.画面が切り替わりますので、しばらくお待ち下さい。 ※ご購入は、楽天kobo商品ページからお願いします。※切り替わらない場合は、こちらをクリックして下さい。 ※このページからは注文できません。	661円
Ethnobotany of Mexico Interactions of People and Plants in Mesoamerica【電子書籍】楽天Kobo電子書籍ストア	＜p＞This book reviews the history, current state of knowledge, and different research approaches and techniques of studies on interactions between humans and plants in an important area of agriculture and ongoing plant domestication: Mesoamerica. Leading scholars and key research groups in Mexico discuss essential topics as well as contributions from international research groups that have conducted studies on ethnobotany and domestication of plants in the region. Such a convocation will produce an interesting discussion about future investigation and conservation of regional human cultures, genetic resources, and cultural and ecological processes that are critical for global sustainability.＜/p＞画面が切り替わりますので、しばらくお待ち下さい。 ※ご購入は、楽天kobo商品ページからお願いします。※切り替わらない場合は、こちらをクリックして下さい。 ※このページからは注文できません。	34,033円
The Bioarchaeology of Artificial Cranial Modifications New Approaches to Head Shaping and its Meanings in Pre-Columbian Mesoamerica and Beyond【電子書籍】[ Vera Tiesler ] 楽天Kobo電子書籍ストア	＜p＞The artificial shaping of the skull vault of infants expresses fundamental aspects of crafted beauty, of identity, status and gender in a way no other body practice does. Combining different sources of information, this volume contributes new interpretations on Mesoamerican head shaping traditions. Here, the head with its outer insignia was commonly used as a metaphor for designating the “self” and personhood and, as part of the body, served as a model for the indigenous universe. Analogously, the outer “looks” of the head and its anatomical constituents epitomized deeply embedded worldviews and longstanding traditions. It is in this sense that this book explores both the quotidian roles and long-standing ideological connotations of cultural head modifications in Mesoamerica and beyond, setting new standards in the discussion of the scope, caveats, and future directions involved in this study. The systematic examination of Mesoamerican skeletal series fosters an explained review of indigenous cultural history through the lens of emblematic head models with their nuanced undercurrents of religious identity and ethnicity, social organization and dynamic cultural shift. The embodied expressions of change are explored in different geocultural settings and epochs, being most visible in the centuries surrounding the Maya collapse and following the cultural clash implied by the European conquest. These glimpses on the Mesoamerican past through head practices are novel, as is the general treatment of methodology and theoretical frames. Although it is anchored in physical anthropology and archaeology (specifically bioarchaeology), this volume also integrates knowledge derived from anatomy and human physiology, historical and iconographic sources, linguistics (polisemia) and ethnography. The scope of this work is rounded up by the transcription and interpretation of the many colonial eye witness accounts on indigenous head treatments in Mesoamerica andbeyond.＜/p＞画面が切り替わりますので、しばらくお待ち下さい。 ※ご購入は、楽天kobo商品ページからお願いします。※切り替わらない場合は、こちらをクリックして下さい。 ※このページからは注文できません。	13,369円
Collective Action and the Reframing of Early Mesoamerica【電子書籍】[ David M. Carballo ] 楽天Kobo電子書籍ストア	＜p＞In considering the long trajectory of human societies, researchers have too often favored models of despotic control by the few or structural models that fail to grant agency to those with less power in shaping history. Recent scholarship demonstrates such models to be not only limiting but also empirically inaccurate. This Element reviews archaeological approaches to collective action drawing on theoretical perspectives from across the globe and case studies from prehispanic Mesoamerica. It highlights how institutions and systems of governance matter, vary over space and time, and can oscillate between more pluralistic and more autocratic forms within the same society, culture, or polity. The historical coverage examines resource dilemmas and ways of mediating them, how ritual and religion can foster both social solidarity and hierarchy, the political financing of institutions and variability in forms of governance, and lessons drawn to inform the building of more resilient communities in the present.＜/p＞画面が切り替わりますので、しばらくお待ち下さい。 ※ご購入は、楽天kobo商品ページからお願いします。※切り替わらない場合は、こちらをクリックして下さい。 ※このページからは注文できません。	3,051円
The Birth of Technology in Mesoamerica【電子書籍】[ ETHAN GOMEZ ] 楽天Kobo電子書籍ストア	＜p＞For thousands of years, people in Central America have found ways to improve their lives. Tools and technologies help us do more work with less effort and make our lives easier. But how did those tools and technologies come about? The Maya people were among the first groups to make discoveries that led to new technology in Mesoamerica. And now scientists uncover more about these ancient people by using modern technologies like computers and lasers!＜/p＞＜p＞In the past, people could only see the universe in one way. They could not travel very far or very fast. But now that science and technology have changed the world, we can see things that were hidden before. We have new ways of getting from one place to another and new tools and materials that help us make textiles, boats, and paperーand even understand the past!＜/p＞＜p＞Technology has improved in many ways, like finding better ways to get from one place to another. For example, modern technology has made transportation faster, easier, and more efficient than it used to be. Traveling long distances is much easier than before the invention of trains, cars, and airplanes.＜/p＞＜p＞Education depends mainly on how effective teaching methods were used back then compared to today's standards; therefore, without proper instruction methods being utilized by teachers back then, there wouldn't be any hope for students' success later on down their own paths towards achieving higher learning goals."＜/p＞＜p＞Once again, it was scientists using modern technology to help us learn more about the ancient Maya people. In Mexico, scientists have also studied the old Maya people using modern technology. They have discovered that they were more advanced than we thought, not just farmers and traders, but builders as well! The Maya had many things we take for granted today, like electricity and airplanes, but they also had inventions like books and clocks, which we don't have today!＜/p＞＜p＞These discoveries show that even though these fantastic people lived thousands of years ago, they could still invent new things back then, just like when someone created something today (like a bike).＜/p＞＜p＞Archaeologists have found artifacts showing how vital these things were to how these ancient people lived.＜/p＞＜p＞In archaeology, the word artifact refers to any object left behind by people in the past. Artifacts can be made of many materials, including wood, stone, and metal. Archaeologists study these things to learn more about the people who made them and how they lived.＜/p＞＜p＞A few discoveries have revealed things about the ancient people we never knew. For example, researchers now know that Mayan culture was more advanced than previously thought. The old Maya had a complex social structure, religious system, and calendar that was far more developed than what was once understood by modern-day archaeologists. They also had a problematic transportation and textile systemーall previously misunderstood by archaeologists who studied the civilization's remains.＜/p＞＜p＞The world has changed a lot since the ancient Maya lived. But there is still so much we don't know about how they lived and what they thought. That's why scientists study these artifacts today. They want to learn more about them and their culture so we can learn from them too!＜/p＞画面が切り替わりますので、しばらくお待ち下さい。 ※ご購入は、楽天kobo商品ページからお願いします。※切り替わらない場合は、こちらをクリックして下さい。 ※このページからは注文できません。	1,600円
Warfare in Mesoamerica: Battles in the Book of Mormon【電子書籍】[ John Kammeyer ] 楽天Kobo電子書籍ストア	＜p＞Book of Mormon warfare can be defined on about three levels, from general to specific:＜br /＞ーIt’s real warfare, as experienced by real people and recorded by a professional military observer.＜br /＞ーIt’s real Iron Age warfare, based on technology and tactics.＜br /＞ーIt’s real Mesoamerican warfare, based on cultural details in the text, modified by a heavy Old Testament influence on the Nephites.＜br /＞ We begin to Book of Mormon military commanders on a human level; not as giants bestriding the earth, but as humans coping with shifting and unpredictable circumstances. They were men, and had the strength of men; sometimes their leadership was really good, sometimes rather indifferent. Moroni was a brilliant soldier, but he couldn’t be everywhere, nor control everything around him; nor did all of his plans pan out. Nothing is foolproof. We see in the Book of Mormon Clausewitz’s trinity of chance, rationality and raw emotion, and also see the interface between the people, the government and the military. It’s all completely realistic.＜br /＞ This book focuses on the half-dozen most important commanders in the Book of Mormon. We study their options, and the decisions based on those options, and the consequences of these choices.＜br /＞ Gideon, Alma the Younger, Moroni, Helaman, Gidgiddoni, Mormon. What makes them unique in the history of warfare? Why did Mormon focus on these men? Because they were men of God. While they were experienced and well trained, Nephite commanders were as prone to mistakes as any mortals and apt to get lost in the fog of war. What makes them different are the elements of faith, and revelation, the seamless fusion of the spiritual with the temporal. We begin to see that a righteous people can never be completely or permanently defeated.＜/p＞画面が切り替わりますので、しばらくお待ち下さい。 ※ご購入は、楽天kobo商品ページからお願いします。※切り替わらない場合は、こちらをクリックして下さい。 ※このページからは注文できません。	370円
Histories of Maize in Mesoamerica Multidisciplinary Approaches【電子書籍】楽天Kobo電子書籍ストア	＜p＞This volume reprints 20 chapters from the editors’ comprehensive Histories of Maize (2006) that are relevant to Mesoamerican specialists and students. New findings and interpretations from the past three years have been included. Histories of Maize is the most comprehensive reference source on the botanical, genetic, archaeological, and anthropological aspects of ancient maize published. Included in this abridged volume are new introductory and concluding chapters and updated material on isotopic research. State of the art research on maize chronology, molecular biology, and stable carbon isotope research on ancient human diets have provided additional lines of evidence on the changing role of maize through time and space and its spread throughout the Americas. The multidisciplinary evidence from the social and biological sciences presented in this volume have generated a much more complex picture of the economic, political, and religious significance of maize.＜/p＞画面が切り替わりますので、しばらくお待ち下さい。 ※ご購入は、楽天kobo商品ページからお願いします。※切り替わらない場合は、こちらをクリックして下さい。 ※このページからは注文できません。	9,450円
The American Southwest and Mesoamerica Systems of Prehistoric Exchange【電子書籍】楽天Kobo電子書籍ストア	＜p＞Regional approaches to the study of prehistoric exchange have generated much new knowledge about intergroup and regional interaction. The American South west and Mesoamerica: Systems of Prehistoric Exchange is the first of two volumes that seek to provide current information regarding regional exchange on a conti nental basis. From a theoretical perspective, these volumes provide important data for the comparative analysis of regional systems relative to sociopolitical organization from simple hunter-gatherers to those of complex sociopolitical entities like the state. Although individual regional exchange systems are unique for each region and time period, general patterns emerge relative to sOciopolitical organization. Of significant interest to us are the dynamic processes of change, stability, rate of growth, and collapse of regional exchange systems relative to sociopolitical complexity. These volumes provide basic data to further our under standing of prehistoric exchange systems. The volume presents our current state of knowledge about regional exchange systems in the American Southwest and Mesoamerica. Each chapter synthesizes the research findings of a number of other researchers in order to provide a synchronic view of regional interaction for a specific chronological period. A diachronic view is also prOvided for regional interaction in the context of the developments in regional SOciopolitical organization. Most authors go beyond description by proposing alternative models within which to understand regional interaction. The book is organized by geographical and chronological divisions to pro vide units of the broader mosaic of prehistoric exchange systems.＜/p＞画面が切り替わりますので、しばらくお待ち下さい。 ※ご購入は、楽天kobo商品ページからお願いします。※切り替わらない場合は、こちらをクリックして下さい。 ※このページからは注文できません。	18,231円
Historical Dictionary of Mesoamerica【電子書籍】[ Clifford T. Brown ] 楽天Kobo電子書籍ストア	＜p＞Mesoamerica is one of six major areas of the world where humans independently changed their culture from a nomadic hunter-gatherer lifestyle into settled communities, cities, and civilization. In addition to China (twice), the Indus Valley, the Fertile Crescent of southwest Asia, Egypt, and Peru, Mesoamerica was home to exciting and irreversible changes in human culture called the “Neolithic Revolution.” The changes included domestication of plants and animals, leading to agriculture, husbandry, and eventually sedentary village life. These developments set the stage for the growth of cities, social stratification, craft specialization, warfare, writing, mathematics, and astronomy, or what we call the rise of civilization. These changes forever transformed humankind.＜/p＞＜p＞The Historical Dictionary of Mesoamerica covers the history of Mesoamerica through a chronology, an introductory essay, an extensive bibliography, and over 900 cross-referenced dictionary entries covering the major peoples, places, ideas, and events related to Mesoamerica. This book is an excellent access point for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about Mesoamerica.＜/p＞画面が切り替わりますので、しばらくお待ち下さい。 ※ご購入は、楽天kobo商品ページからお願いします。※切り替わらない場合は、こちらをクリックして下さい。 ※このページからは注文できません。	18,659円
Textile Traditions of Mesoamerica and the Andes An Anthology【電子書籍】楽天Kobo電子書籍ストア	＜p＞In this volume, anthropologists, art historians, fiber artists, and technologists come together to explore the meanings, uses, and fabrication of textiles in Mexico, Guatemala, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia from Precolumbian times to the present. Originally published in 1991 by Garland Publishing, the book grew out of a 1987 symposium held in conjunction with the exhibit "Costume as Communication: Ethnographic Costumes and Textiles from Middle America and the Central Andes of South America" at the Haffenreffer Museum of Anthropology, Brown University.＜/p＞画面が切り替わりますので、しばらくお待ち下さい。 ※ご購入は、楽天kobo商品ページからお願いします。※切り替わらない場合は、こちらをクリックして下さい。 ※このページからは注文できません。	7,858円
Sky People Untold Stories of Alien Encounters in Mesoamerica【電子書籍】[ Ardy Sixkiller Clarke ] 楽天Kobo電子書籍ストア	＜p＞Dr. Ardy Sixkiller Clarke, author of ＜em＞Encounters With Star People＜/em＞, vowed as a teenager to follow in the footsteps of two 19th-century explorers, John L. Stephens and Frederick Catherwood, who brought the ancient Maya cities to the world’s attention. Dr. Clarke set out on a seven-year adventure (from 2003 through 2010) through Belize, Honduras, Guatemala, and Mexico, collecting stories of encounters, sky gods, giants, little people, and aliens among the indigenous people. She drove more than 12,000 miles, visiting 89 archaeological sites (Stephens and Catherwood visited only 44) and conducting nearly 100 individual interviews.＜/p＞＜p＞The result is an enthralling series of unique, original, true stories of encounters with space travelers, giants, little people, and UFOs. ＜em＞Sky People＜/em＞ may very well change the way you perceive and experience the world.＜/p＞画面が切り替わりますので、しばらくお待ち下さい。 ※ご購入は、楽天kobo商品ページからお願いします。※切り替わらない場合は、こちらをクリックして下さい。 ※このページからは注文できません。	2,416円
Obsidian Reflections Symbolic Dimensions of Obsidian in Mesoamerica【電子書籍】楽天Kobo電子書籍ストア	＜p＞Departing from the political economy perspective taken by the vast majority of volumes devoted to Mesoamerican obsidian, ＜em＞Obsidian Reflections＜/em＞ is an examination of obsidian's sociocultural dimensionsーparticularly in regard to Mesoamerican world view, religion, and belief systems.＜/p＞＜p＞Exploring the materiality of this volcanic glass rather than only its functionality, this book considers the interplay among people, obsidian, and meaning and how these relationships shaped patterns of procurement, exchange, and use. An international group of scholars hailing from Belize, France, Japan, Mexico, and the United States provides a variety of case studies from Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, and Honduras. The authors draw on archaeological, iconographic, ethnographic, and ethnohistoric data to examine obsidian as a touchstone for cultural meaning, including references to sacrificial precepts, powerful deities, landscape, warfare, social relations, and fertility.＜/p＞＜p＞＜em＞Obsidian Reflections＜/em＞ underscores the necessity of understanding obsidian from within its cultural contextーthe perspective of the indigenous people of Mesoamerica. It will be of great interest to Mesoamericanists as well as students and scholars of lithic studies and material culture.＜/p＞画面が切り替わりますので、しばらくお待ち下さい。 ※ご購入は、楽天kobo商品ページからお願いします。※切り替わらない場合は、こちらをクリックして下さい。 ※このページからは注文できません。	7,695円
Ancient Origins of Mesoamerica【電子書籍】[ NORAH ROMNEY ] 楽天Kobo電子書籍ストア	＜p＞The Central Andes, Mexico, El Salvador, Honduras, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Peru, and Bolivia all have deep roots in their pre-Columbian civilizations. The first chapters of Latin America's history correspond to those who inhabited it before encountering Europeans. This is especially true in Mesoamerica. The objectives are to show the development of the peoples and high civilizations of Mesoamerica before the arrival of the Mexica (Aztecs) in the Valley of Mexico (1325); second, to examine the key features of the political and socioeconomic organization, as well as the artistic and intellectual achievements achieved during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries under Mexica (Aztec) rule. Finally, present a vision of Mesoamerican life on the eve of the European invasion (1519), between North and South America's solid continental masses; the area of Mesoamerica (that is, the region where it developed with great cultural difficulties, which reached an area of about 900,000 km2 when the Spaniards arrived), with its varied isthmic characteristics and geographical features, such as Tehuantepec and Fonseca Gulfs, the Yucatan Peninsula, and the Gulf of Honduras Gulf.＜/p＞＜p＞German specialists, such as Eduard Seler, introduced Mittel Amerika over 70 years ago to denote the region where high indigenous cultures flourished in central and southern Mexico. Norah Romney focused attention on what he called Mesoamerica many years later. The concept of Mesoamerica goes beyond geography. High indigenous culture and civilization have also developed and unfolded in various forms and periods. When the Spanish invaded in 1519, its northern borders were the Sinaloa River to the northwest and the Panuco to the northeast; it extended beyond the Lerma River basin in the north-central part. Its southern limits were the Motagua River that empties into the Gulf of Honduras in the Caribbean, the south shore of Lake Nicaragua, and the Nicoya Peninsula in Costa Rica, and these locations developed highly advanced cultures, showing a greater degree of geographical and ecological diversity than any other region of comparable extension in the entire planet. There is a complex geological history in the region. Recent volcanic activity and mountain formation have played a vital role in the shape of various natural regions. The mountains have two volcanic axes, one that runs east-west along the southern limits of the Valley of Mexico and the other that runs northwest-southeast through Mexico and Central America.＜/p＞画面が切り替わりますので、しばらくお待ち下さい。 ※ご購入は、楽天kobo商品ページからお願いします。※切り替わらない場合は、こちらをクリックして下さい。 ※このページからは注文できません。	1,600円
The Holocene and Anthropocene Environmental History of Mexico A Paleoecological Approach on Mesoamerica【電子書籍】楽天Kobo電子書籍ストア	＜p＞This book provides essential information on Mexico’s Holocene and Anthropocene climate and vegetation history. Considering the geography of Mexico ? which is home to a variety of climatic and environmental conditions, from desert and tropical to high mountain climates ? this book focuses on its postglacial paleoecology and paleoclimatology. Further, it analyses human intervention since the middle Holocene as a major agent of environmental change. Offering a valuable tool for understanding past climate change and its relationship with present climate change, the book is a must-read for botanists, ecologists, palaeontologists and graduate students in related fields.＜/p＞画面が切り替わりますので、しばらくお待ち下さい。 ※ご購入は、楽天kobo商品ページからお願いします。※切り替わらない場合は、こちらをクリックして下さい。 ※このページからは注文できません。	18,231円
The Transnational Construction of Mayanness Reading Modern Mesoamerica through US Archives【電子書籍】楽天Kobo電子書籍ストア	＜p＞＜em＞The Transnational Construction of Mayanness＜/em＞ explores how US academics, travelers, officials, and capitalists contributed to the construction of the Maya as an area of academic knowledge and affected the lives of the Maya peoples who were the subject of generations of anthropological research from the mid-nineteenth century to the present. Expanding discussions of the neocolonial relationship between the US and its southern neighbors and emphasizing little-studied texts virtually inaccessible to those in Mexico and Central America, this is the first and only set of comparative studies to bring in US-based documentary collections as an enriching source of evidence.＜/p＞＜p＞Contributors tap documentary, ethnographic, and ethnoarchaeological sources from North America to expand established categories of fieldwork and archival research conducted within the national spaces of Mexico and Central America. A particularly rich and diverse set of case studies interrogate the historical processes that remove sources from their place of production in the “field” to the US, challenge the conventional wisdom regarding the geography of data sources that are available for research, and reveal a range of historical relationships that enabled US actors to shape the historical experience of Maya-speaking peoples.＜/p＞＜p＞＜em＞The Transnational Construction of Mayanness＜/em＞ offers rich insight into transnational relations and suggests new avenues of research that incorporate an expanded corpus of materials that embody the deep-seated relationship between Maya-speaking peoples and various gringo interlocutors. The work is an important bridge between Mayanist anthropology and historiography and broader literatures in American, Atlantic, and Indigenous studies.＜/p＞＜p＞＜em＞Contributors＜/em＞: David Carey, M. Bianet Castellanos, Matilde C?rdoba Azc?rate, Lydia Crafts, John Gust, Julio Cesar Hoil Gutierr?z, Jennifer Mathews, Matthew Watson＜/p＞画面が切り替わりますので、しばらくお待ち下さい。 ※ご購入は、楽天kobo商品ページからお願いします。※切り替わらない場合は、こちらをクリックして下さい。 ※このページからは注文できません。	3,443円
Realizing Value in Mesoamerica The Dynamics of Desire and Demand in Ancient Economies【電子書籍】楽天Kobo電子書籍ストア	＜p＞This edited collection addresses concepts of value and its impact on economies and economic decision-making in Mesoamerica. It brings together various theoretical and methodological approaches to illuminate the little-studied topic of value in ancient economies.＜/p＞＜p＞While scholars increasingly note that tangible objects found in the archaeological record could assume different values, depending on how they were used and circulated, less attention has been paid to how we might infer consensus (or lack of consensus) on how value was determined in past cultures so different from contemporary ones. These contributions show how multiple and conflicting understandings of what is important and meaningful coexist within any society even as moments of exchange create the impression of shared formulations of value. They consider divergences between shared understandings based on systems of beliefs and patterns of practice and the individual decisions of social actors. They also discuss howinequalities in social structures might inform our understanding of value, and how a multiplicity of values might encourage closer inspection of inequality in turn.＜/p＞＜p＞The book brings together fifteen chapters focused on many parts of Mesoamerica, including Western Mexico, the Basin of Mexico, Veracruz, Oaxaca, and various parts of the Maya Lowlands, and range chronologically from the Classic period (250-900 CE) to the Spanish Conquest in the early 16th Century. It appeals to those working in archaeology, economic anthropology, economic history, and all those interested in how value can be understood in terms of contemporary cultural and political differences.＜/p＞画面が切り替わりますので、しばらくお待ち下さい。 ※ご購入は、楽天kobo商品ページからお願いします。※切り替わらない場合は、こちらをクリックして下さい。 ※このページからは注文できません。	20,662円
Lost Cities and Ancient Temples of Mesoamerica【電子書籍】[ LEARN ALCHEMICAL ] 楽天Kobo電子書籍ストア	＜p＞The Mayan civilization was a Mesoamerican civilization founded by the Maya peoples. It was noted for its hieroglyphic scriptーthe only known fully developed writing system of the pre-Columbian Americasーand its art, architecture, mathematics, calendar, and astronomical design. Since the 1990s, what were once considered mysterious ruins in Mexico have been reconstructed by Archaeologist Winslow Bradford. The complex structures were made of lime-plastered mud bricks with an internal wood framework supporting heavy loads and a stone foundation below. Mayan temples were a place for playing games, holding feasts, and rituals involving human sacrifice. The Maya people-built pyramids as places to worship their gods. These pyramids usually had several smaller temples on top to honor their gods. Worshippers would climb the steep steps up to the temple at the top of the pyramid to leave gifts and pray. Some pyramids also had "sacred stairways" or ramps leading up to them.＜/p＞＜p＞You might be interested to learn that the Mayan civilization was a Mesoamerican civilization established by the Maya peoples and renowned for its hieroglyphic scriptーthe only known fully developed language system of the pre-Columbian Americasーas well as for its architectural design, engineering, mathematics, calendar, and astronomical design.＜/p＞＜p＞Mayans were a Mesoamerican civilization living in what is now Guatemala, Honduras, and parts of Mexico. They are believed to have had some contact with the Olmecs who preceded them in Mexico. Their culture ultimately became more complex than other nearby civilizations such as Teotihuacan (in today's Mexico City), Zapotec (in today's Oaxaca), or Tula (in today's Hidalgo). The rise and fall of these three kingdoms left behind massive monuments still standing today that had survived centuries without being covered by new civilizations coming in on top of them. Like happened at many other sites around Mexico & Central America, where older buildings were simply built over when newer ones came along later on top of them...＜/p＞画面が切り替わりますので、しばらくお待ち下さい。 ※ご購入は、楽天kobo商品ページからお願いします。※切り替わらない場合は、こちらをクリックして下さい。 ※このページからは注文できません。	1,600円
Handbook of Middle American Indians, Volumes 10 and 11 Archaeology of Northern Mesoamerica【電子書籍】[ Robert Wauchope ] 楽天Kobo電子書籍ストア	＜p＞＜em＞Archaeology of Northern Mesoamerica＜/em＞ comprises the tenth and eleventh volumes in the ＜em＞Handbook of Middle American Indians＜/em＞, published in cooperation with the Middle American Research Institute of Tulane University under the general editorship of Robert Wauchope (1909?1979). Volume editors of ＜em＞Archaeology of Northern Mesoamerica＜/em＞ are Gordon F. Ekholm and Ignacio Bernal. Gordon F. Ekholm (1909?1987) was curator of anthropology at The American Museum of Natural History, New York, and a former president of the Society for American Archaeology. Ignacio Bernal (1910?1992), former director of the Instituto Nacional de Antropolog?a e Historia, Mexico, was director of the Museo Nacional de Antropolog?a in Mexico and also a past president of the Society for American Archaeology.＜/p＞＜p＞Volumes 10 and 11 describe the pre-Aztec and Aztec cultures of Mexico, from central Veracruz and the Gulf Coast, through the Valley of Mexico, to western Mexico and the northern frontiers of these ancient American civilizations.＜/p＞＜p＞The thirty-two articles, lavishly illustrated and accompanied by bibliography and index, were prepared by authorities on prehistoric settlement patterns, architecture, sculpture, mural painting, ceramics and minor arts and crafts, ancient writing and calendars, social and political organization, religion, philosophy, and literature. There are also special articles on the archaeology and ethnohistory of selected regions within northern Mesoamerica.＜/p＞＜p＞＜em＞The Handbook of Middle American Indians＜/em＞ was assembled and edited at the Middle American Research Institute of Tulane University with the assistance of grants from the National Science Foundation and under the sponsorship of the National Research Council Committee on Latin American Anthropology.＜/p＞画面が切り替わりますので、しばらくお待ち下さい。 ※ご購入は、楽天kobo商品ページからお願いします。※切り替わらない場合は、こちらをクリックして下さい。 ※このページからは注文できません。	18,192円
Lost Civilizations of Mesoamerica【電子書籍】[ NORAH ROMNEY ] 楽天Kobo電子書籍ストア	＜p＞As the Olmec culture developed in the early pre-classic period, we observe the phenomenon of the Olmec Heads and their Mysterious origins. Through ideological management and coercion mechanisms, the dominant ruler appears and alludes to forms of government exercised by individuals. Massive sculptures and large-scale architecture represent the first representations of political power.＜/p＞＜p＞The socio-political complex that developed thus encouraged the development of similar forms in other areas of Mesoamerica, resulting in the first stratified societies consisting of actual states, as seen in Teotihuacan in the Mexican highlands, Monte Alb?n in Oaxaca, and the Maya city states during the classical period. A corollary of this process was the rise of some post-classical societies that reached supra-state levels, such as the Mexica, who settled in the Mexican highlands and established a true pan-Mesoamerican empire.＜/p＞＜p＞Following this brief introduction, it is time to examine each ancient Mexican society considered the most significant in Mesoamerica's political development.＜/p＞画面が切り替わりますので、しばらくお待ち下さい。 ※ご購入は、楽天kobo商品ページからお願いします。※切り替わらない場合は、こちらをクリックして下さい。 ※このページからは注文できません。	1,600円